More recently, garden plots were used exclusively for planting a garden, as well as growing fruit trees and berry bushes. However, today the situation has changed and now dachas are increasingly used as vacation spots and, accordingly, they are equipped. One of the essential elements of meeting friends and spending time with your family is the gazebo. Among the many different options, the most popular are sizes 3 × 4 m. They allow you to place inside about 20 people, while occupying a relatively small area on the site.

Necessary materials

For the construction of the gazebo often use affordable tools, which usually include brick, wood, metal or polycarbonate. As decoration can be lining or planed boards (block house). The roof can also be different: let's say the same polycarbonate, flexible tiles, colored slate, ondulin or corrugated board. Based on the selected material, such as the foundation, frame, roof and floor, a preliminary calculation is carried out, which will help determine the future costs.

Important! Calculations, even the most accurate, are not always able to reflect the real picture of construction, and therefore it is recommended that all materials be purchased with a margin.

For example, when using timber as the main material, you will need:

• with a cross section of 10 × 10 cm, length 3 m - 3 pcs.;
• 10 × 10 cm, length 4 m - 3 pcs.;
• 10 × 10 cm, length 2.3 m - 4 pcs.;
• 10 × 10 cm, length 1 m - 5 pcs.;
• 5 × 10 cm, 2 m long - 8 pcs.;
• 5 × 10 cm, length 3 m - 7 pcs.;
• 5 × 10 cm, 1 m long - 2 pcs.;
• 5 × 10 cm, length 4.3 m - 2 pcs.

Additionally, in order to build a gazebo yourself, the following must be available: cement, bricks, roofing materials and facade decoration, as well as self-tapping screws.

You will also need the following tools:

• electric plane (used for surface treatment);
• tape measure or a long ruler and a pencil (for marking);
• circular and circular saws;
• screwdriver.

Drawing creation

Building design can be performed in several ways: either find ready-made drawings, calculations and specifications of the gazebo of the right size on the Internet, or carry out the planning yourself.

In the latter case, phasing will occur as follows:

1. A plan of the site with the main buildings is applied to the paper.
2. Choose the optimal location for the future gazebo. It is recommended to take into account that the entrance should be on the leeward side.
3. The diagram indicates all the supporting objects - walls and poles. Using this information, as well as analyzing the relief of the site (taking into account the state of the soil, the absence / presence of bogging or differences / irregularities), choose the type of foundation.
4. They calculate the size and required materials.
5. Choose the rafter system and the type of roofing material.

Wooden step-by-step construction

To start construction work, it is best to wait for the warm season. The optimal period will be the end of spring, when there is still no heat, but the snow has long disappeared, and the soil has warmed up enough and dried up.

Important! In order to save on the required volume of concrete mix, as well as to increase the strength of the foundation, it is recommended to load trenches before pouring with broken brick, scrap metal or stones.

The construction of any structure begins with the preparation of the site:

• clearing the territory from green spaces;
• removing the top layer of turf;
• marking with stakes and rope.

After completion of the preparatory work, you can proceed directly to the construction.

Foundation

For gazebos of similar dimensions, light base types will be sufficient, which include:

1. Screw pile foundation - Suitable for all soil types except rocky terrain. Installation is carried out step by step: steel supports with blades are screwed into the ground to the desired height, then all racks are leveled, and after that they cut off the extra length with the help of a grinder and install the head arms. Additional structural strength can be imparted by a concrete composition poured into the cavity of each product.
2. Of concrete blocks (it is unacceptable to use on wetlands). The bottom of the pit, prepared under the foundation, is pre-covered with crushed stone, after which grooves are made in the corners under the blocks (up to 20 cm). In addition to the installed supports in the corners, one block is placed in the middle of each longitudinal wall.
3. On shallow tape concrete - a trench is dug along the marked perimeter (depth - 20 cm, width - 20 cm). Next, the formwork is installed in such a way that its part is 20 cm above the ground level. The formwork space is poured with concrete (permissible cement grade - M150, M200) and left to dry (it may take two to three weeks).
4. The tier of timber (section 20 × 20 cm) - from these lumber, a crown is collected and laid on a flat surface, the edges are fixed with nails or large hardware. It is also permissible to use a fastening with extension (according to the “paw” or “dovetail” system). Upon completion of laying, the timber is treated with an antiseptic, which will help to avoid rotting or mold.

Bottom harness

The next step after laying the foundation is the lower harness. To do this, taking into account the type of base, a grillage (made of timber or a beam made of timber) is laid on the supports (a structure that will allow to distribute the load from the load-bearing elements of the structure).

The tying tier serves as a reliable fastening of the main structure to the foundation and is necessary for all types of foundations (only an arbor from a beam laid directly on the ground can become an exception). To do this, the lower crown is fixed to the foundation using the “half-tree” method, due to cutting corners. At the same time, it is taken into account that the possible period of the “life” of the gazebo will directly depend on the strength of the coupling.

It should also be remembered that all materials from wood should be treated with moisture-protective and antifungal drugs.

Pillar Installation

The pillars installed in the corners of the structure serve as bearing supports that will hold the frame and the roof. In the case of using wood as the main material for erecting the gazebo at the corners of the lower trim, vertically fix wooden racks with the help of corners, pins or studs.

To extend the service period, the strapping layer and the lower part of the poles are treated with fuel oil or painted with oil paint (at least 2 layers). After drying, all elements are wrapped in roofing material, which will act as a waterproofing material that can reliably protect them from the negative effects of moisture.

Upper harness

This strapping involves securing the beam on the upper ends of the racks. Conduct it by exact analogy with the bottom using the same method of attachment. Particular attention is paid to fixing the crown both at the corners and at the points of contact with the support posts.

Transverse railing

The project of the future construction may assume the presence of a railing between the pillars - as a decorative fence and to ensure the safety of vacationers. The installation of this system involves the use of boards with a thickness of at least 5 cm, and their fastening at a distance from the trim level of at least 80 cm.

The installation procedure consists of:

• measuring the distance between the posts;
• blanks of pieces of lumber of the required length;
• marking on the supports (mark the attachment points);
• direct installation of handrails using self-tapping screws (twist “at an angle”), or metal corners.

Attaching lag and flooring

To ensure maximum reliability and durability of the future structure will help flooring, made in several tiers.

Did you know? Experts recommend using yacht varnish to process all wooden elements. — in addition to its high protective properties, it compares favorably with a high drying rate (depending on various groups of substances in the composition, full drying can take from 1 to 16 hours).

The action algorithm consists of several stages.

1. First of all, markings are applied to the lower harness, which will indicate the places of fastening of the lag (the step can vary from 70 to 100 cm).
2. Next, measure the distance between the walls, opposite to each other.
3. A wooden beam is cut to the desired length.
4. Then, according to the marking, lags are installed and fixed with hardware.

As a flooring on top of the logs, wide, thick or draft boards are usually used, on top of which plywood or edged sawn timber is laid. After the flooring, the floor is treated with varnish or stain, which will greatly facilitate further care of the coating and prevent its rapid wear. The remaining materials are used extremely rarely - due to inappropriate. For example, tiles, laminate or linoleum have a high risk of injury, as well as short service life in such conditions.

Creating a roof truss system

The construction of the roof truss system is carried out on the upper structure of the structure, according to the project. For the manufacture of the frame, a wooden beam of 10 × 10 cm is used, for the crate, unedged boards (width - from 15 to 20 cm, thickness - 3 cm). At the same time, the installation step is about 30 cm.

The installation process of the roof is as follows.

1. On earth, all the elements are collected in the rafter system.
2. Raise the assembly to the top of the structure.
3. Fix it on the upper harness with hardware or metal corners. Mounting pitch - 70–80 cm.
4. All parts of the rafter system are treated with a drug with a protective composition.

Further, to equip the crates, unedged boards are laid, fixing them with self-tapping screws. This approach will help to evenly distribute the load over the entire surface of the roof.

Sheathing

When choosing a skin, it is necessary to focus not only on its appearance and technical characteristics, but also take into account the expected speed of working with it. The modern market offers many options, the most suitable of which are materials such as siding or OSB panels. They can be used both for sewing up the back wall, and for covering spans or for fencing. Before working with a grinder, you will need to cut the sheets to the desired size. Mounting is carried out with screws.

Roof

Typically, gazebos of this design are quite light, and therefore involve a single or gable roof. As a roofing material, the use of flexible or metal tiles, sheet iron, non-ferrous ondulin, slate, polycarbonate, profiled sheet is permissible.

During the construction of the roof, the angle of its inclination should be taken into account, which will allow the snow to move freely during its melting, without overloading the entire structure.When fixing pre-cut roofing material to the crate, fasteners with rubber washers can be used. And to prevent the penetration of various rainfall under the roof, polymer gaskets are installed at the joints of the sheets.

Gazebo decoration

Both the finishing work and the procedure for decorating the gazebo gives space for the flight of imagination. You can decorate a new building with a hedge, hang light curtains or equip spans with shutters. The gazebo itself can be painted with paints of any colors or stain, which will save the natural appearance of the tree for many years.

Important! According to fire safety standards, the distance from the gazebo in which there is a barbecue, barbecue or stove to the apartment building must be at least 5 m, and to the neighbors' fence — from 8 m.

You should also worry about furniture, which should be lightweight and resistant to moisture. Then - set the desired number of light sources. A similar area of ​​the gazebo will also allow zoning, highlighting a special place for the barbecue. And of course you should not forget about trifles, for example, pillows, tablecloths and other things. After all, it is they who give comfort to any room.

Features of a brick building

Brick, like wood, is one of the most common materials used in the construction of gazebos with their own hands.

Did you know? There are a large number of varieties of summer garden buildings, not only open and closed arbors, but also pergolas, benches and swings under a canopy. All of them are intended for recreation of people in nature.

Of course, such material has its own characteristics, which should be taken into account in advance:

1. Despite the fact that wood has undeniable advantages (such as ease of processing and low cost), the brick has a longer service life, and therefore it is usually used for closed types of arbors.
2. In structures made of brick, you can easily arrange a barbecue or barbecue, and even lay out the oven from the same material. Moreover, the brick is much safer and has refractory qualities.
3. Unlike wood and even metal, brick structures will not require annual treatment with antiseptics, impregnations and just painting.
4. A gazebo made of brick can be equipped as a full-fledged room. With thick walls and glazed windows, as well as a stove or fireplace inside, you can live in it, if necessary, even during the cold weather.

However, despite all the advantages, there are also disadvantages to this material. It becomes possible to work with him only after serious development of the entire project. It is no longer possible to manage on your own without certain skills in working with drawings. Any inaccuracies in the calculations can lead to unreliability of the entire structure, which can be dangerous in the future for everyone who will be in the gazebo. It should also be noted the cost - it is many times more than in the case of using wood as the main building material.

The gazebo with dimensions 3 × 4 m is the best solution for small summer cottages or personal plots. Its area allows you to spend there not only quiet, quiet evenings with your family, but also fun meetings with friends. The main advantage is the ability to do it yourself. Moreover, the price of the finished object will depend on the capabilities. Indeed, in this case, the potential builder himself acquires all the materials, and only time will serve as additional costs.