Potatoes are one of the main crops grown in our latitudes. A large and high-quality crop largely depends on preventive measures taken by farmers or summer residents.
Features of processing potatoes
Potatoes are invaded by pests and diseases throughout the growing period. The danger of damage to the crop or seed material during storage during the winter does not go away. Therefore, the treatment begins with the preparation of the site, cleaning of weeds and seeds, and ends with the moment of laying in the cellar for the winter.
Did you know? Potatoes are not deprived of the attention of the Guinness Book of Records. A Lebanese farmer set a record by growing a vegetable weighing more than 11 kg.
Before landing against diseases and pests
During pre-sowing treatment, the site must be thoroughly cleaned of plant debris. In parts of plants that remain in the soil for the winter, spores of diseases and pest larvae winter well. Therefore, using a walk-behind tractor, the soil is deeply dug up to saturate with oxygen, to loosen and clean.
To protect seeds from diseases and pests, tubers are etched in various solutions. Seeds, among other things, harden, since a temperature drop in the spring can provoke a disease of young plantings.
There are diseases and pests that attack flowering potatoes, affecting both the green part and the tubers. Especially dangerous are the Colorado potato beetle and Fusarium, which can destroy large areas of culture in the shortest possible time.
Earlier, treatment during flowering threatened the health of the consumer of vegetables, but now, thanks to science, there are drugs of biological origin that are absolutely safe for people, animals and insects. With the prevalence of pests or the appearance of the disease, treatment is certainly necessary, since the destruction of ground green will inhibit the development of tubers. In addition, damaged parts of the plant are exposed to infections and fungi.
To increase yield
To increase the yield, seeds are treated with growth stimulants. Such prevention, in addition to activating the growth and development of culture, additionally protects against pests and diseases. Prevention allows you to accelerate the germination of plants, survive temperature extremes during return frosts. Application of the procedure allows to increase the amount of yield by 20-50%.
Popular stimulants are such drugs:
- Epin;
- Poteytin;
- Bioglobin.
Important! Additionally, plants are treated with boric acid throughout the season, which protects plantings from late blight and nourishes future tubers.
Landscaping
In the fall, after harvesting, the seed gardening process is carried out. The procedure allows you to:
- accelerate the process of vegetation;
- harden from disease;
- protect from rodents during storage.
For landscaping, the tubers are laid out in a lighted place, periodically turning over for evenness. You can carry out the procedure in the spring, but you need to do this no earlier than the air warms up to + 10 ... + 12 ° С.Before storage for the winter
After digging, the tubers should lie in the furrows to dry. After 3-4 hours, the crop can be transferred to the cellar for storage. If the harvest was carried out after heavy rainfall on moist soil, it is advisable to first wash the potatoes, and then dry and put them in storage. After the washing procedure, it will be easier to detect potatoes spoiled by the cultivator or a shovel and eaten by the pest.
After drying, potatoes are additionally processed by two methods, depending on the purpose of the tubers:
- scalding with boiling water - for potatoes intended for food, germination is reduced;
- spraying - copper sulfate, after processing it is impossible to eat.
Means for processing and disinfecting potatoes
Today there is a large selection of various means to protect the vegetable crop from insects or various diseases. There are aggressive drugs that can not be used during the formation of tubers. There are biological agents and folk methods that help during the flowering or fruiting of plants.
Did you know? During the Gold Rush in Alaska at the end of the 19th century, prospectors used potatoes as a cure for scurvy. This put the vegetable in a number of expensive products.
Chemical
The following are the tools used to process both seed and potato bushes. Preparations and their action:
- Taboo. Used for seed and soil dressing. For the solution, 10 ml of the suspension is diluted in 1.4 l of water (for seeds), 4 ml / 10 l of water to disinfect the soil on the bed.
- Potassium permanganate. Soaking tubers before planting, for a solution of 1 g / 8 l of water, soak for 40 minutes.
- Copper sulfate. For 10 l of water, 10 g of copper sulfate is enough, seeds are disinfected in the solution.
- Actara. The drug from the Colorado potato beetle, aphids, wireworms. For spraying 2 g / 10 l of water, the treatment is carried out before flowering, repeat after flowering.
- Fitoverm - biological product. It can be used during flowering in the presence of aphids, flies, Colorado potato beetle. Proportions of 10 ml / 10 l of water, spraying on a leaf and soil.
- Prestige. Spraying is carried out before planting in the ground, 100 ml of the drug is consumed per 1 liter of water. After spraying the tubers need to be dried.
- Boric acid. Apply when signs of scab on the greens appear. 6 g of the product are diluted in 10 l of water, 10 m² are sprayed.
- Baktofit - biological fungicide. It is used for treating tubers, spraying bushes from late blight, fusarium and rot. It can be used throughout the growing season. The solution is prepared in a proportion of 20 ml / 10 l of water, sprayed on a sheet.
Folk
Folk methods are mainly infusions or decoctions of plants that destroy fungal spores or repel insects. The most effective of them include the following:
- wood ash - it is applied in a dry form (dusting) and in an aqueous solution (100 g / 8 l of water). The tool, in addition to disinfecting, treating and repelling insects, is used as a source of potassium;
- garlic infusion - from late blight and pests. Pour 200 ml of water into the leaves or teeth of 150 g, leave for 24 hours, then bring the volume to 10 l, spray the affected bushes;
- marigold infusion - from the Colorado potato beetle, flies, aphids, weevils, wireworms: 500 g of the crushed plant is poured with 10 l of water, insisted for 2 days, sprayed on the leaf and soil;
- milk serum - from late blight. Diluted with water 1: 1, you can spray at any time as needed.
Chemistry Precautions
When using chemicals, it is imperative to comply with the norm and the treatment scheme of garden crops. Other rules:
- Before working with chemicals, wear protective equipment: gloves, glasses and a mask.
- Work is carried out in dry and calm weather.
- During contact with chemistry, do not eat, smoke.
- At the end of the work should take a shower.
- All containers containing chemicals must be disposed of.
Processing recommendations
Some growers make mistakes when preparing tubers for planting and preventing adult plants. Some tips from experienced farmers:
- When processing tubers, two preparations of the same effect should not be combined.
- From the Colorado potato beetle, it is advisable to carry out the treatment throughout the season, starting with tubers.
- From pests, you can plant repellent plants in the aisles.
- For treatments for diseases it is recommended to use drugs with a wide spectrum of action.
- Between manipulations with chemical agents, you can use a vegetable infusion or serum to feed and recover from an aggressive agent.
Important! Folk remedies may not be as effective as specialty chemicals, so it is advisable to use them during periods when chemistry is prohibited.
It does not matter what means are used to prevent potato seeds or bushes from diseases and insects. The significance is that after applying chemical, biological or folk remedies, the farmer collects a large and tasty crop.
